The contrasting response of cavity‐nesting bees, wasps and their natural enemies to biodiversity conservation measures
نویسندگان
چکیده
The implementation of agri-environmental schemes (AES) is a major tool to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services in European agricultural landscapes. benefit different types features novel measures needs be assessed order successfully conserve insect communities agroecosystems. We set up trap nests 3 × km landscapes Germany, which farmers implemented measures. tested the effect closest three (i.e. distance measures, measures' area, quality) proximity forest oilseed rape landscape connectivity on abundance species richness cavity-nesting bees, wasps their natural enemies. found total abundances increase with quality decline increasing forest. Parasitism mortality rates declined edge density. Cavity-nesting bees were not affected by Total wasp herbivore-predating increased all wasps, enemies spider-predating from while effects solitary might only detectable after several years measure establishment. factor promoting insects as edges provide food, nesting sites shelter. emphasise need for long-term monitoring an focus future AES creation habitats effective conservation.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Insect Conservation and Diversity
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1752-4598', '1752-458X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12638